Urban issues and challenges
AQA GCSE Geography
A growing percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas:
- The global pattern of urban change.
- Urban trends in different parts of the world including HICs and LICs.
- Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation – migration (push-pull theory), natural increase.
- The emergence of megacities.
Urban growth creates opportunities and challenges for cities in LICs and NEEs.
Lagos:
A case study of a major city in an LIC or NEE to illustrate:
- the location and importance of the city, regionally, nationally and internationally
- the growth of the city
- causes of growth: natural increase and migration
- How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop?
- how urban growth has created opportunities:
- social: access to services – health and education; access to resources – water supply, energy
- economic: how urban industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development
- how urban growth has created challenges:
- How has the growth of Lagos caused inequality?
- managing urban growth – slums, squatter settlements
- providing clean water, sanitation systems and energy
- providing access to services – health and education
- reducing unemployment and crime
- managing environmental issues – waste disposal, air and water pollution, traffic congestion
- An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor.
Mumbai:
A case study of a major city in an LIC or NEE to illustrate:
- the location and importance of the city, regionally, nationally and internationally
- the growth of the city
- causes of growth: natural increase and migration
- how urban growth has created opportunities:
- social: access to services – health and education; access to resources – water supply, energy
- economic: how urban industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development
- how urban growth has created challenges?
- An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor
Rio de Janeiro:
A case study of a major city in an LIC or NEE to illustrate:
- the location and importance of the city, regionally, nationally and internationally
- causes of growth: natural increase and migration
- how urban growth has created opportunities:
- social: access to services – health and education; access to resources – water supply, energy
- economic: how urban industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development
- how urban growth has created challenges?
- An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor
Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety of social, economic and environmental opportunities and challenges:
Overview of the distribution of population and the major cities in the UK.
A case study of a major city in the UK (Manchester | London | Bristol) to illustrate:
- the location and importance of the city in the UK and the wider world – London
- impacts of national and international migration on the growth and character of the city – London
- London – how urban change has created opportunities:
- social and economic: cultural mix, recreation and entertainment, employment, integrated transport systems
- environmental: urban greening
- how urban change has created challenges:
- social and economic: urban deprivation, inequalities in housing, education, health and employment
- environmental: dereliction, building on brownfield and greenfield sites, waste disposal
- the impact of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe, and the growth of commuter settlements.
An example of an urban regeneration project to show:
- reasons why the area needed regeneration – Lower Lea Valley, Stratford, London | Urban Regeneration in Hull: Fruit Market
- the main features of the project – Lower Lea Valley, Stratford, London | Urban Regeneration in Hull: Fruit Market
Urban sustainability requires management of resources and transport:
Features of sustainable urban living – East Village:
- water and energy conservation
- waste recycling
- creating green space
- how urban transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion.
Features of sustainable urban living – Freiburg:
- water and energy conservation
- waste recycling
- creating green space
- how urban transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion.
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AQA GCSE Geography Units
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The Challenge of Natural Hazards
The Living World
Physical Landscapes in the UK
Urban Issues and Challenges
Resource Management
The Changing Economic World
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